What constitutional concept involves negotiating terms if a province seeks to secede from Canada?

The correct answer is based on the principle of unilateral secession, which refers to a province's attempt to secede from Canada without the consent of the federal government or other provinces. This concept gained significant attention during the Quebec sovereignty movement and was clarified in the Supreme Court of Canada's ruling in the 1998 Reference re Secession of Quebec case.

In this landmark decision, the Court determined that while a province does have the right to pursue secession, the process cannot be executed unilaterally. Instead, it emphasized the need for negotiations and adherence to the constitutional framework, including potential amendments and the necessity of respecting the rights of other provinces and the federal government. Therefore, while a province can express a desire to secede on its own, the broader constitutional principles dictate that there must be a collaborative process for any such secession to occur legally and ethically.

The other concepts such as bilateral secession, constitutional amendment, and judicial review are not directly applicable to the context of a province seeking to secede from Canada. Bilateral secession would imply an agreement between specific parties, constitutional amendment refers to formally changing the Constitution itself, and judicial review relates to the courts’ power to interpret the law, not the process of secession. Therefore,