What was established by the Constitution Act 1867 in Canada?

The Constitution Act of 1867 was instrumental in the formation of Canada as a nation and established the framework for its governance. It created the dominion of Canada, bringing together various provinces into a federal structure that allowed for a division of powers between the federal government and the provinces. This was a significant foundational moment in Canadian history, as it marked the transition from separate colonies to a united country with a defined system of governance.

The Act framed Canada's constitution, outlining the responsibilities of the federal and provincial governments, thus establishing federalism. This organization allowed Canada to function both as a centralized nation and as a collection of provinces with their own rights and powers. This balance of powers is a quintessential feature of Canadian governance today.

The other concepts listed, such as unilateral secession, judicial independence, and judicial review authority, were not established by the Constitution Act of 1867. Instead, these ideas developed through subsequent legal frameworks and court decisions that addressed the evolution of Canadian law and governance after the initial formation of the dominion. Thus, the representation of federalism and the establishment of Canada as a dominion is the key foundation laid by the Constitution Act of 1867.